[摘譯] 詞彙“舞踏”

※摘譯自 “Hijikata Tatsumi: The Words of Butoh: [Introduction]    作者 Kurihara Nanako    資料來源 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1146810



    “舞踏”(butoh)一詞，如今已被接受為此類型的名稱，是源自於1960年代初期的暗黑舞踊(ankoku buyō)。“暗黑”(ankoku)的意思是“徹底的黑暗”。“舞踊”，一種舞蹈類型名稱, 則是用在許多複合的詞彙：例如, 現代舞踊(gendai buyō)，現代舞蹈；以及古典舞踊(koten buyō)， 古典舞蹈。在之後的1960年代，暗黑舞踊演變成暗黑舞踏(ankoku butō)。“舞踏”這個字用在複合詞彙像舞踏会(butō-kai)，歐式型態的舞會，或者死の舞踏(shi no butō)，中世紀歐洲的死亡舞蹈。也就是說，“舞踏”是用來指稱西方的舞蹈形式。然而，根據日文字典広辞苑(Kōjien)，舞踏也釋為拝舞(haimu)，皇宮裡的一種特定禮儀，行禮者揮動身上傳統和服的長袖並踩踏其足。(新村 1991:2037)。“踏”的意思是踏腳。雖然踏的動作並不是典型的舞踏，土方創造了“暗黑舞踏”一詞來代表一種宇宙性的舞蹈，它完全背離了既有的舞蹈並且探索著人類本性最黑暗的層面。


    The word “butoh," now the accepted name of the genre, originated as ankoku buyō in the early I960s. “Ankoku" means “utter darkness." “Buyō," a generic term for dance, is used in many compounds: for example, gendai buyō, modem dance; and koten buyō,classical dance. Later in the I960s, ankoku buyō evolved into ankoku butō. The word “butō" is used in compounds such as butō-kai, a European-type ball dance, or shi no butō, the medieval European dance of death. That is, “butō" was used to refer to Western dance forms. However, according to the Japanese dictionary Kōjien, butō also means haimu, a specific ceremonial salutation at the imperial court in which a person flings the long sleeves of traditional Japanese dress and stamps the feet (Shinmura 1991:2037). “Tō" means stamping feet. Although a stamping movement is not typical of butoh, Hijikata created the term “ankoku butoh" to denote a cosmological dance which completely departed from existing dances and explored the darkest side of human nature.